The retrospective observational study of vildagliptin/metformin was conducted after its protocol was approved by the institutional review board (Ulsan University Hospital, IRB no: 2012C075). Consent Informed consent was obtained from all patients included in these Pcdha10 studies. Disclosure The study results were presented as an oral presentation at the 2016 International Conference on Diabetes and Metabolism (ICDM) held in Seoul, Republic of Korea. versus 55.42%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that disease duration ( 0.0001), baseline HbA1c ( 0.0001), and DC type (= 0.0103) had significant effects on drug effectiveness. Vildagliptin plus metformin appeared as an effective treatment option for patients with T2DM in clinical practice settings in Korea. 1. Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a well-established disease that causes disability (blindness, limb amputation, kidney failure, or cardiovascular events) in ALZ-801 affected patients [1]. Since 1980, the age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes in adults has increased, which has resulted in quadrupling of the number of affected adults with diabetes in countries worldwide [2]. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults affected, has rapidly increased in East Asian countries, including Korea [2, 3]. Among oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are classified as a relatively new category which produce effects by increasing the concentration of active forms of incretin, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP). Thus, DPP-4 inhibitors can reduce fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels through effects on incretins by consequently increasing both values 0.05 were considered statistically significant. 3. Results A total of 4303 patients who received treatment with vildagliptin at least once constituted the full analysis set in the three pooled studies (3294 from the vildagliptin PMS, 726 from the vildagliptin/metformin fixed DC PMS, and 283 from the vildagliptin retrospective study); of these, 2216 patients were excluded for the following reasons: violation of inclusion/exclusion criteria and/or the instructions regarding dosage and administration (= 349), prescription of vildagliptin alone (= 28), no documented baseline HbA1c (= 475), and no documented HbA1c at 24 weeks (= 1364) (Figure 1). Open in a separate window Figure 1 Flow diagrams of patient disposition. PMS: postmarketing survey; retro OS: retrospective observational study. 3.1. Baseline Characteristics according to Achievement of Target HbA1c Levels at 24 Weeks Baseline characteristics of the study patients are presented in Table 1. The mean age and diabetes duration were 57 years and 6.24 years, respectively. Men accounted for 54.8% of the study population. Approximately 94% of patients were receiving dual therapy of vildagliptin and metformin. To identify the clinical factors that could affect the glycemic target achievement rate, the patients were divided into two groups according to achievement of the target HbA1c level of 7.0% at 24 weeks: good responder group I (HbA1c??7.0%; = 1230; 695 men, 535 women) and nonresponder group II (HbA1c? ?7.0%; = 857; 449 men, 408 women). Overall, 58.9% of patients achieved the glycemic target (HbA1c??7.0%) at 24 weeks. No significant differences were noted in terms of gender or age between the groups. The duration of diabetes was significantly longer in group II (5. 1 years in group I versus 7.7 years in group II). Moreover, the healthcare facility at which treatment was received also significantly differed between the groups (Table 1). Table 1 Baseline ALZ-801 patient characteristics according ALZ-801 to HbA1c levels at 24 weeks. = 1230)= 857)= 2087)value(%)?Male695 (56.5)449 (52.4)1144 (54.8)0.0633aAge (years)?Mean??SD56.8??11.057.3??11.757.0??11.30.2517bWeight (kg)?(%)? 7.5%650 (52.9)118 (13.8)768 (36.8) 0.0001a?7.5%580 (47.2)739 (86.2)1319 (63.2)Elderly group, (%)? 65 years926 (75.3)611 (71.3)1537 (73.7)0.0418b?65 years304 (24.7)246 (28.7)550 (26.4)Treatment center type, (%)?Hospital600 (48.8)283 (33.0)883 (42.3) 0.0001b?Clinic630 (51.2)574 (67.0)1204 (57.7)Concurrent disease, (%)?Yes700 (56.9)449 (52.4)1149 (55.1)0.0412b?No530 (43.1)408 (47.6)938 (44.9)Medical history, (%)?Yes153 (12.4)83 (9.7)236 (11.3)0.0296b?No1036 (84.2)756 (88.21)1792 (85.9)Concomitant medications (except for diabetes medications), (%)?Yes733 (59.6)448 (52.3)1181 (56.6)0.0009b?No497 (40.4)409 (47.7)906 (43.4)Duration of T2DM (years)?(%)?Vildagliptin?+?metforminc895 (72.8)720 (84.0)1615 (77.4) 0.0001b?Vildagliptin/metformin.In addition, a larger proportion of patients treated at hospitals achieved the glycemic target compared with those treated at clinics; this may be owing to the comprehensive management by an endocrinology team (including an endocrinologist, nurse, and dietitian) in hospital settings, which was also cited in another Korean study [20]. Despite the progress in our understanding of the pathogenesis of diabetes and the development of new drugs, the present levels of care for patients with T2DM remain unsatisfactory [21]. versus 52.33%), ALZ-801 and receiving vildagliptin/metformin fixed DC versus free DC (70.69% versus 55.42%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that disease period ( 0.0001), baseline HbA1c ( 0.0001), and DC type (= 0.0103) had significant effects on drug performance. Vildagliptin plus metformin appeared as an effective treatment option for individuals with T2DM in medical practice settings in Korea. 1. Intro Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is definitely a well-established disease that causes disability (blindness, limb amputation, kidney failure, or cardiovascular events) in affected individuals [1]. Since 1980, the age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes in adults offers increased, which has resulted in quadrupling of the number of affected adults with diabetes in countries worldwide [2]. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and quantity of adults affected, offers rapidly improved in East Asian countries, including Korea [2, 3]. Among oral hypoglycemic providers (OHAs), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are classified as a relatively fresh category which create effects by increasing the concentration of active forms of incretin, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP). Therefore, DPP-4 inhibitors can reduce fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels through effects on incretins by as a result increasing both ideals 0.05 were considered statistically significant. 3. Results A total of 4303 individuals who received treatment with vildagliptin at least once constituted the full analysis set in the three pooled studies (3294 from your vildagliptin PMS, 726 from your vildagliptin/metformin fixed DC PMS, and 283 from your vildagliptin retrospective study); of these, 2216 patients were excluded for the following reasons: violation of inclusion/exclusion criteria and/or the instructions regarding dose and administration (= 349), prescription of vildagliptin only (= 28), no recorded baseline HbA1c (= 475), and no recorded HbA1c at 24 weeks (= 1364) (Number 1). Open in a separate window Number 1 Circulation diagrams of patient disposition. PMS: postmarketing survey; retro OS: retrospective observational study. 3.1. Baseline Characteristics according to Achievement of Target HbA1c Levels at 24 Weeks Baseline characteristics of the study patients are offered in Table 1. The mean age and diabetes period were 57 years and 6.24 years, respectively. Males accounted for 54.8% of the study population. Approximately 94% of individuals were receiving dual therapy of vildagliptin and metformin. To identify the clinical factors that could impact the glycemic target achievement rate, the patients were divided into two organizations according to achievement of the prospective HbA1c level of 7.0% at 24 weeks: good responder group I (HbA1c??7.0%; = 1230; 695 males, 535 ladies) and nonresponder group II (HbA1c? ?7.0%; = 857; 449 males, 408 ladies). Overall, 58.9% of patients accomplished the glycemic target (HbA1c??7.0%) at 24 weeks. No significant variations were noted in terms of gender or age between the organizations. The duration of diabetes was significantly longer in group II (5.1 years in group I versus 7.7 years in group II). Moreover, the healthcare facility at which treatment was received also significantly differed between the organizations (Table 1). Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics relating to HbA1c levels at 24 weeks. = 1230)= 857)= 2087)value(%)?Male695 (56.5)449 (52.4)1144 (54.8)0.0633aAge (years)?Mean??SD56.8??11.057.3??11.757.0??11.30.2517bWeight (kg)?(%)? 7.5%650 (52.9)118 (13.8)768 (36.8) 0.0001a?7.5%580 (47.2)739 (86.2)1319 (63.2)Elderly group, (%)? 65 years926 (75.3)611 (71.3)1537 (73.7)0.0418b?65 years304 (24.7)246 (28.7)550 (26.4)Treatment center type, (%)?Hospital600 (48.8)283 (33.0)883 (42.3) 0.0001b?Medical center630 (51.2)574 (67.0)1204 (57.7)Concurrent disease, (%)?Yes700 (56.9)449 (52.4)1149 (55.1)0.0412b?No530 (43.1)408 (47.6)938 (44.9)Medical history, (%)?Yes153 (12.4)83 (9.7)236 (11.3)0.0296b?No1036 (84.2)756 (88.21)1792 (85.9)Concomitant medications (except for diabetes medications), (%)?Yes733 (59.6)448 (52.3)1181 (56.6)0.0009b?No497 (40.4)409.
