Wnt7a induced mRNA expressions of in NT-stimulated hMSCs, and this induction was related to upregulation of and were examined in hMSCs, and their levels were normalized to those in the DMEM control (set to 1 1.0). may be employed widely in the transdifferentiation of other adult stem cells. Introduction Cells with neuronal characteristics appear to be generated from adult stem cells of putative mesodermal origin and can be isolated from numerous connective tissues, including bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, dermis, and adipose tissues [1], [2], [3], [4]. However, attempts to cause the transdifferentiation of adult bone marrow-derived cells into neural lineages have produced varied results. Some results showed the integration and differentiation of these cells in the brain [5], whereas others showed that this few cells capable of being engrafted into nervous tissues fused with endogenous cells. Exogenic or allogenic progenitor cells are clinically required to serve as seeds of cellular repair for neural lesions. Among such candidates, adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) deserve special attention because bone marrow harvesting is usually associated with fewer ethical debates than are embryonic cell sources. MSCs are multipotent stem cells that show osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic capacities in appropriate environments [6]. In addition, immunosuppression by MSCs has been observed and (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) (microtubule-associated protein 2) (neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin) (synaptotagmins 1) (synapsin 1) (bassoon) (choline acetyltransferase) (dopamine beta-hydroxylase) (dishevelled 1) (lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1) test or a one-way ANOVA. A value of were quantified on days 7, 14, and 21 during activation with NTs. NTs significantly increased levels on days 14 and 21. Untreated hMSCs served as the control. (C) mRNA levels of were quantified on days 7, 14, and 21 during activation with NTs. NTs increased the expression of and induced Rabbit Polyclonal to GPR142 expressions of and in hMSCs cultured with NTs. Canonical and non-canonical exhibited sustained expression with no significant changes Tenovin-6 during neuronal transdifferentiation (Fig. 1C). NTs seemed not to control these 2 Wnt genes in neurogenic hMSCs. Canonical exhibited relatively low expression in both the untreated control and NT-induced groups compared with the other 4 Wnt mRNAs at each time point (Fig. 1C). The mRNA levels of and were not detectable in untreated hMSCs, but were expressed significantly following NT induction during 3 periods (Fig. 1C). The expression of both and significantly increased over time. These results indicated that Wnt7a and Wnt7b play functions in the neuronal differentiation of hMSCs. Neurogenic effects of numerous Wnt treatments on neurotrophin-induced human mesenchymal stem cells Previous studies have reported that Wnts induce osteogenic differentiation [26], [27], [28]; therefore, to avoid osteogenic activation by Wnts, NTs were treated before Wnts were added to the culture medium. To determine which Wnt triggers the neurogenic differentiation of hMSCs, we added 2 g/mL of Tenovin-6 hrWnt to hMSCs for 2 days after 1 week of treatment with NTs. For the general neuron marker, expression were observed among all 4 Wnt groups. To determine the function of synapses in neuronal differentiation, we examined the mRNA expression of did not switch in cells (Fig. 2A). Wnt7a increased the expression of 3.7-fold and that of Wnt1 and Wnt3a 2.4- and 2.7-fold, respectively. However, Wnt5a did not significantly change expression compared with the NT only group (Fig. 2A). Open in a separate window Physique 2 Neurogenic effects from different Wnts in NT-induced hMSCs.(A) mRNA levels of were quantified after Tenovin-6 48 h of different Wnt treatments (2 g/ml) in hMSCs that had been treated with NTs for 1 week. All Wnts promoted expression, and Wnt7a induced the highest expression. Levels were normalized to those of NTs treatments (set to 1 1.0). Data are offered as the mean SD of one triplicate experiment that was representative of three impartial experiments. 1 were quantified after 48 h of different Wnt treatments (2 g/ml) in hMSCs that had been treated with NTs for 1 week. Wnt1 experienced no effects on or.
